Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are among the most common causes of anal pathology and are associated with conditions that increase pressure in the hemorrhoidal venous plexus, such as straining during bowel movements, obesity, pregnancy, chronic diarrhea, and a low-fiber diet.
From understanding the anatomy of hemorrhoids to exploring the factors that contribute to their development, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview, offering insights, tips, and an understanding of a condition that touches the lives of many.
What are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that result in discomfort and bleeding.
Hemorrhoids often occur due to increased pressure on the lower rectum, leading to swelling and stretching of the blood vessels.
Internal and external hemorrhoids are differentiated based on their location:
Hemorrhoids above the anorectal junction are considered internal.
Those below this junction are classified as external.
Causes of Hemorrhoids
It is estimated that over 60% of the world’s population suffers from hemorrhoids, a condition that is widespread and more severe in individuals of both genders over 50 years old. In women, hemorrhoids often appear transiently or permanently during pregnancy.
The development of hemorrhoids, considered as acquired venous dysplasia, occurs gradually in adulthood. The causes of this condition include genetic factors, mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine factors. Notably, heredity, constipation, and pregnancy play significant roles. Activities involving excessive abdominal pressure can also trigger hemorrhoids.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids cause pain when inflamed. It can range from mild discomfort or burning in cases of minor irritation to intense pain if blood clots and thrombi form. Common symptoms include bleeding, itching, prolapse, swelling, and discharge. In some cases, hemorrhoids can be asymptomatic.
Bleeding, present in about 80% of cases, is the most frequent symptom. It usually appears as mild streaks of red in feces or a few drops of blood after defecation. Itching and a sensation of discomfort and burning in the anal area are also common symptoms. Pain is not directly related to hemorrhoidal disease but arises from complications, especially when a varix becomes inflamed due to trauma or microbial infections or when a blood clot (thrombosis) forms.
Prolapse is a symptom characterized by the protrusion of hemorrhoids from the anal canal, especially during strain (coughing) or defecation. Depending on whether the hemorrhoids retract spontaneously or remain outside, they are referred to as internal or external.
Although hemorrhoids cause significant discomfort, they are generally not dangerous to an individual’s health. In advanced stages, complications related to excessive bleeding (anemia and thrombosis) may arise.
External Hemorrhoids
External hemorrhoids are vascularized cushions located in the terminal part of the rectum, near the anus. In certain circumstances, these structures can become inflamed and swell excessively, becoming visible to the naked eye.
In the initial stages, external hemorrhoids appear as swollen and painful protrusions that protrude from the anus, accompanied by burning and itching.
Factors contributing to inflammation include chronic constipation, excessive straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting on the toilet, pregnancy, and an unbalanced diet. While not a severe condition, external hemorrhoids should not be ignored. Mild cases can be treated with topical application of decongestant medications, but worsening symptoms may require surgical intervention.
Internal Hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids can be described as sacs filled with vessels surrounding the anal canal, positioned between the mucosa and the sphincter system, contributing to continence.
The presence of internal hemorrhoids, which dilate and contract to perform their function, is entirely physiological. However, when the dilation of the hemorrhoidal venous plexus becomes excessive, it leads to hemorrhoidal disease, classified based on the involved area and severity.
Mechanical, inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine factors are considered triggering factors. The condition is associated with various symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to more intense pain, with bleeding and, in some cases, prolapse. Most individuals with hemorrhoids describe a sense of heaviness and painful tension, often aggravated during physical exercise and defecation.
Common and Easy-to-Use Home Remedies for Hemorrhoids
While it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids, there are some home remedies that may help alleviate symptoms and provide relief. Keep in mind that individual responses to these remedies may vary, and it’s crucial to follow your doctor’s advice.
Here are some common and easy-to-use home remedies for hemorrhoids:
- Warm Sitz Baths:
- Soak the affected area in warm water for 15-20 minutes several times a day.
- This can help reduce inflammation and provide relief from itching and discomfort.
- High-Fiber Diet:
- Increase your intake of fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
- Adequate fiber helps soften stools and promotes regular bowel movements, reducing the strain during defecation.
- Hydration:
- Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay well-hydrated.
- Hydration helps soften stools and facilitates easier bowel movements.
- Topical Treatments:
- Apply over-the-counter creams or ointments containing witch hazel, hydrocortisone, or aloe vera to the affected area.
- These can help reduce itching and inflammation.
- Cold Compresses:
- Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area for short durations may help reduce swelling and numb the area.
- Witch Hazel:
- Soak a cotton ball in witch hazel and apply it to the affected area for soothing relief.
- Witch hazel has anti-inflammatory properties.
- Aloe Vera:
- Apply aloe vera gel directly to the hemorrhoidal area for its cooling and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Ensure you’re using pure aloe vera gel without added chemicals.
- Elevate Legs:
- If you have external hemorrhoids, lying down with your legs elevated can help reduce swelling.
- Use Soft, Moist Tissues:
- Avoid using rough or dry toilet paper. Instead, use soft, moistened wipes or a bidet for gentle cleansing.
- Avoid Straining:
- Avoid straining during bowel movements; take your time and allow stools to pass naturally.
- Consider using a footstool to elevate your feet during bowel movements, which can help achieve a more natural position.
- Maintain Good Hygiene:
- Keep the anal area clean and dry to prevent irritation.
- Avoid using harsh soaps or perfumed products that may exacerbate irritation.
- Donut-shaped Cushion:
- Sitting on a donut-shaped cushion can help relieve pressure on the affected area.
In Conclusion
Hemorrhoids are a common problem. Dealing with hemorrhoids can bring discomfort, itching, pain, and bleeding. While home remedies can help with the symptoms, they might not get to the real issue. It’s really important to reach out to a healthcare professional for the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
If things don’t get better or even get worse, especially with bleeding, don’t hesitate to get medical help. Making changes early on in your lifestyle can really help manage the symptoms and stop things from getting worse.
